Compare Christmas Island (2006) - Papua New Guinea (2002)

Compare Christmas Island (2006) z Papua New Guinea (2002)

	Christmas Island (2006)	Papua New Guinea (2002)

Administrative divisions	none (territory of Australia)	20 provinces; Bougainville, Central, Chimbu, Eastern Highlands, East New Britain, East Sepik, Enga, Gulf, Madang, Manus, Milne Bay, Morobe, National Capital, New Ireland, Northern, Sandaun, Southern Highlands, Western, Western Highlands, West New Britain
Age structure	0-14 years: NA 15-64 years: NA 65 years and over: NA (2006 est.)	0-14 years: 38.6% (male 1,013,936; female 980,841) 15-64 years: 57.7% (male 1,544,650; female 1,440,628) 65 years and over: 3.7% (male 90,661; female 101,317) (2002 est.)
Agriculture - products	NA	coffee, cocoa, coconuts, palm kernels, tea, rubber, sweet potatoes, fruit, vegetables; poultry, pork
Airports	1 (2006)	490 (2001)
Airports - with paved runways	total: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2006)	total: 21 2,438 to 3,047 m: 2 1,524 to 2,437 m: 14 914 to 1,523 m: 4 under 914 m: 1 (2002)
Airports - with unpaved runways	-	total: 470 1,524 to 2,437 m: 11 914 to 1,523 m: 56 under 914 m: 403 (2002)
Area	total: 135 sq km land: 135 sq km water: 0 sq km	total: 462,840 sq km land: 452,860 sq km water: 9,980 sq km
Area - comparative	about three-quarters the size of Washington, DC	slightly larger than California
Background	Named in 1643 for the day of its discovery, the island was annexed and settlement began by the UK in 1888. Phosphate mining began in the 1890s. The UK transferred sovereignty to Australia in 1958. Almost two-thirds of the island has been declared a national park.	The eastern half of the island of New Guinea - second largest in the world - was divided between Germany (north) and the UK (south) in 1885. The latter area was transferred to Australia in 1902, which occupied the northern portion during World War I and continued to administer the combined areas until independence in 1975. A nine-year secessionist revolt on the island of Bougainville ended in 1997, after claiming some 20,000 lives.
Birth rate	NA	31.61 births/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Budget	revenues: $NA expenditures: $NA	revenues: $894 million expenditures: $1.1 billion, including capital expenditures of $344 million (2000 est.)
Capital	name: The Settlement geographic coordinates: 18 44 N, 64 19 W time difference: UTC+7 (12 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)	Port Moresby
Climate	tropical with a wet and dry season; heat and humidity moderated by trade winds; wet season (December to April)	tropical; northwest monsoon (December to March), southeast monsoon (May to October); slight seasonal temperature variation
Coastline	138.9 km	5,152 km
Constitution	Christmas Island Act of 1958-59 (1 October 1958) as amended by the Territories Law Reform Act of 1992	16 September 1975
Country name	conventional long form: Territory of Christmas Island conventional short form: Christmas Island	conventional long form: Independent State of Papua New Guinea conventional short form: Papua New Guinea former: Territory of Papua and New Guinea abbreviation: PNG
Currency	-	kina (PGK)
Death rate	NA	7.75 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Debt - external	-	$2.6 billion (2000 est.)
Dependency status	non-self governing territory of Australia; administered by the Australian Department of Transport and Regional Services	-
Diplomatic representation from the US	none (territory of Australia)	chief of mission: Ambassador Susan S. JACOBS embassy: Douglas Street (adjacent to the Bank of Papua New Guinea), Port Moresby mailing address: P. O. Box 1492, Port Moresby, HCD121 telephone: [675] 321-1455 FAX: [675] 321-1593
Diplomatic representation in the US	none (territory of Australia)	chief of mission: Ambassador Nagora Y. BOGAN chancery: 1779 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Suite 805, Washington, DC 20036 telephone: [1] (202) 745-3680 FAX: [1] (202) 745-3679
Disputes - international	none	none
Economic aid - recipient	$NA	$400 million (1999 est.)
Economy - overview	Phosphate mining had been the only significant economic activity, but in December 1987 the Australian Government closed the mine. In 1991, the mine was reopened. With the support of the government, a $34 million casino opened in 1993. The casino closed in 1998. The Australian Government in 2001 agreed to support the creation of a commercial space-launching site on the island, projected to begin operations in the near future.	Papua New Guinea is richly endowed with natural resources, but exploitation has been hampered by rugged terrain and the high cost of developing infrastructure. Agriculture provides a subsistence livelihood for 85% of the population. Mineral deposits, including oil, copper, and gold, account for 72% of export earnings. The economy has declined over the past two years and will probably continue to falter in 2002. Prime Minister Mekere MORAUTA has tried to restore integrity to state institutions, stabilize the kina, restore stability to the national budget, privatize public enterprises where appropriate, and ensure ongoing peace on Bougainville. The government has had considerable success in attracting international support, specifically gaining the support of the IMF and the World Bank in securing development assistance loans. Significant challenges remain for MORAUTA, however, including gaining further investor confidence, specifically for the proposed Papua New Guinea-Australia oil pipeline, continuing efforts to privatize government assets, and maintaining the support of members of Parliament.
Electricity - consumption	-	1.535 billion kWh (2000)
Electricity - exports	-	0 kWh (2000)
Electricity - imports	-	0 kWh (2000)
Electricity - production	-	1.65 billion kWh (2000)
Electricity - production by source	-	fossil fuel: 55% hydro: 45% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (2000)
Elevation extremes	lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m highest point: Murray Hill 361 m	lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m highest point: Mount Wilhelm 4,509 m
Environment - current issues	loss of rainforest; impact of phosphate mining	rain forest subject to deforestation as a result of growing commercial demand for tropical timber; pollution from mining projects; severe drought
Environment - international agreements	-	party to: Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol
Ethnic groups	Chinese 70%, European 20%, Malay 10% note: no indigenous population (2001)	Melanesian, Papuan, Negrito, Micronesian, Polynesian
Exchange rates	Australian dollars per US dollar - 1.3095 (2005), 1.3598 (2004), 1.5419 (2003), 1.8406 (2002), 1.9334 (2001)	kina per US dollar - 3.706 (January 2002), 3.374 (2001), 2.765 (2000), 2.539 (1999), 2.058 (1998), 1.434 (1997)
Executive branch	chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by the Australian governor general head of government: Administrator Neil LUCAS (since 30 January 2006) elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; administrator appointed by the governor general of Australia and represents the monarch and Australia	chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Governor General Sir Silas ATOPARE (since 13 November 1997) head of government: Prime Minister Sir Michael SOMARE (since NA August 2002); Deputy Prime Minister Allan MARAT (since NA August 2002) cabinet: National Executive Council appointed by the governor general on the recommendation of the prime minister elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; governor general appointed by the National Executive Council; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of the majority coalition usually is appointed prime minister by the governor general
Exports	$NA	$1.8 billion f.o.b. (2001 est.)
Exports - commodities	phosphate	oil, gold, copper ore, logs, palm oil, coffee, cocoa, crayfish, prawns
Exports - partners	Australia, NZ (2004)	Australia 30%, Japan 11%, China 6%, Germany 4%, South Korea 4%, UK 3%, Philippines 1%, US 1% (2000)
Fiscal year	1 July - 30 June	calendar year
Flag description	territorial flag; divided diagonally from upper hoist to lower fly; the upper triangle is green with a yellow image of the Golden Bosun Bird superimposed, while the lower triangle is blue with the Southern Cross constellation, representing Australia, superimposed; a centered yellow disk displays a green map of the island; the flag of Australia is used for official purposes	divided diagonally from upper hoist-side corner; the upper triangle is red with a soaring yellow bird of paradise centered; the lower triangle is black with five, white, five-pointed stars of the Southern Cross constellation centered
GDP	-	purchasing power parity - $12.2 billion (2001 est.)
GDP - composition by sector	-	agriculture: 30% industry: 37% services: 33% (2000 est.)
GDP - per capita	-	purchasing power parity - $2,400 (2001 est.)
GDP - real growth rate	-	-2.5% (2001 est.)
Geographic coordinates	10 30 S, 105 40 E	6 00 S, 147 00 E
Geography - note	located along major sea lanes of Indian Ocean	shares island of New Guinea with Indonesia; one of world's largest swamps along southwest coast
Heliports	-	2 (2002)
Highways	-	total: 19,600 km paved: 686 km unpaved: 18,914 km (1996)
Household income or consumption by percentage share	-	lowest 10%: 2% highest 10%: 41% (1996) (1996)
Imports	$NA	$1.024 billion f.o.b. (2001 est.)
Imports - commodities	consumer goods	machinery and transport equipment, manufactured goods, food, fuels, chemicals
Imports - partners	principally Australia (2004)	Australia 50%, Singapore 20%, Japan 4%, NZ 4%, Indonesia 3%, Malaysia 3%, US 2% (2000)
Independence	none (territory of Australia)	16 September 1975 (from the Australian-administered UN trusteeship)
Industrial production growth rate	-	NA%
Industries	tourism, phosphate extraction (near depletion)	copra crushing, palm oil processing, plywood production, wood chip production; mining of gold, silver, and copper; crude oil production; construction, tourism
Infant mortality rate	total: NA male: NA female: NA	56.53 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	-	10.3% (2001 est.)
International organization participation	none	ACP, APEC, ARF (dialogue partner), AsDB, ASEAN (associate member), C, CP, ESCAP, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), ISO (correspondent), ITU, NAM, OPCW, Sparteca, SPC, SPF, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTrO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs)	-	3 (2000)
Irrigated land	NA	NA sq km
Judicial branch	Supreme Court; District Court; Magistrate's Court	Supreme Court (the chief justice is appointed by the governor general on the proposal of the National Executive Council after consultation with the minister responsible for justice; other judges are appointed by the Judicial and Legal Services Commission)
Labor force	NA	2.3 million (1999)
Labor force - by occupation	-	agriculture 85%, industry NA%, services NA%
Land boundaries	0 km	total: 820 km border countries: Indonesia 820 km
Land use	arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (mainly tropical rainforest; 63% of the island is a national park) (2005)	arable land: 0.13% permanent crops: 1.35% other: 98.52% (1998 est.)
Languages	English (official), Chinese, Malay	English spoken by 1%-2%, pidgin English widespread, Motu spoken in Papua region note: 715 indigenous languages
Legal system	under the authority of the governor general of Australia and Australian law	based on English common law
Legislative branch	unicameral Christmas Island Shire Council (9 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms) elections: held every two years with half the members standing for election; last held in May 2005 (next to be held in May 2007) election results: percent of vote - NA; seats - independents 9	unicameral National Parliament - sometimes referred to as the House of Assembly (109 seats, 89 elected from open electorates and 20 from provincial electorates; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) elections: last held 14-28 June 1997 (next to be held 15 June 2002) election results: percent of vote by party - PPP 15%, Pangu Pati 14%, NA 14%, PDM 8%, PNC 6%, PAP 5%, UP 3%, NP 1%, PUP 1%, independents 33%; seats by party - PPP 16, Pangu Pati 15, NA 15, PDM 9, PNC 7, PAP 5, UP 3, NP 1, PUP 1, independents 37; note - association with political parties is very fluid
Life expectancy at birth	total population: NA male: NA female: NA	total population: 63.83 years male: 61.73 years female: 66.03 years (2002 est.)
Literacy	NA	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 64.5% male: 72% female: 57% (2000)
Location	Southeastern Asia, island in the Indian Ocean, south of Indonesia	Southeastern Asia, group of islands including the eastern half of the island of New Guinea between the Coral Sea and the South Pacific Ocean, east of Indonesia
Map references	Southeast Asia	Oceania
Maritime claims	territorial sea: 12 nm contiguous zone: 12 nm exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm	measured from claimed archipelagic baselines continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation exclusive fishing zone: 200 NM territorial sea: 12 NM
Merchant marine	-	total: 22 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 40,911 GRT/58,723 DWT ships by type: bulk 1, cargo 10, chemical tanker 1, combination ore/oil 3, container 1, petroleum tanker 3, roll on/roll off 3 note: includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: Singapore 2, United Kingdom 7 (2002 est.)
Military - note	defense is the responsibility of Australia	-
Military branches	-	Papua New Guinea Defense Force (includes Ground Force, Maritime Operations Element, and Air Operations Element)
Military expenditures - dollar figure	-	$42 million (FY98)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP	-	1% (FY98)
Military manpower - availability	-	males age 15-49: 1,338,003 (2002 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service	-	males age 15-49: 740,085 (2002 est.)
National holiday	Australia Day, 26 January (1788)	Independence Day, 16 September (1975)
Nationality	noun: Christmas Islander(s) adjective: Christmas Island	noun: Papua New Guinean(s) adjective: Papua New Guinean
Natural hazards	the narrow fringing reef surrounding the island can be a maritime hazard	active volcanism; situated along the Pacific "Ring of Fire"; the country is subject to frequent and sometimes severe earthquakes; mud slides; tsunamis
Natural resources	phosphate, beaches	gold, copper, silver, natural gas, timber, oil, fisheries
Net migration rate	NA	0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Political parties and leaders	none	Melanesian Alliance Party or MAP [leader NA]; National Alliance or NA [George MANDA, party president]; National Front Party [leader NA]; National Party or NP [Michael MEL]; Papua New Guinea Revival Party [John PUNDARI]; Papua New Guinea United Party or Pangu Pati [Chris HAIVETA]; People's Action Party or PAP [Ted DIRO]; People's Democratic Movement or PDM [Sir Mekere MORAUTA]; People's Labor Party or PLP [Peter YAMA]; People's National Congress or PNC [Bill SKATE]; People's Progress Party or PPP [Michael NALI]; People's Unity Party or PUP [Alfred KAIABE]; United Party or UP [Rimbiuk PATO] note: more than 40 political parties have registered to participate in the June 2002 elections
Political pressure groups and leaders	none	NA
Population	1,493 (July 2006 est.)	5,172,033 (July 2002 est.)
Population below poverty line	-	37%
Population growth rate	0% (2006 est.)	2.39% (2002 est.)
Ports and harbors	-	Kieta, Lae, Madang, Port Moresby, Rabaul
Radio broadcast stations	AM 1, FM 2, shortwave 0 (2006)	AM 8, FM 19, shortwave 28 (1998)
Radios	-	410,000 (1997)
Railways	-	0 km
Religions	Buddhist 36%, Muslim 25%, Christian 18%, other 21% (1997)	Roman Catholic 22%, Lutheran 16%, Presbyterian/Methodist/London Missionary Society 8%, Anglican 5%, Evangelical Alliance 4%, Seventh-Day Adventist 1%, other Protestant 10%, indigenous beliefs 34%
Sex ratio	NA	at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.03 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.07 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.9 male(s)/female total population: 1.05 male(s)/female (2002 est.)
Suffrage	-	18 years of age; universal
Telephone system	general assessment: service provided by the Australian network domestic: GSM mobile telephone service replaced older analog system in February 2005 international: country code - 61-8; satellite earth stations - one INTELSAT earth station provides telephone and telex service (2005)	general assessment: services are adequate and being improved; facilities provide radiotelephone and telegraph, coastal radio, aeronautical radio, and international radio communication services domestic: mostly radiotelephone international: submarine cables to Australia and Guam; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean); international radio communication service
Telephones - main lines in use	NA	61,152 (1999)
Telephones - mobile cellular	NA	3,053 (1996)
Television broadcast stations	0; note - TV broadcasts received via satellite from mainland Australia (2006)	3 (all in the Port Moresby area) note: additional stations at Mt. Hagen, Goroka, Lae, and Rabaul are planned (2002)
Terrain	steep cliffs along coast rise abruptly to central plateau	mostly mountains with coastal lowlands and rolling foothills
Total fertility rate	NA	4.21 children born/woman (2002 est.)
Unemployment rate	-	NA%
Waterways	-	10,940 km

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